Steven L. Ossad
Military Historian & Leadership Consultant

CREDITS


Unless noted below, all image sources are from the Library of Congress

McClellan, Sumner, Toombs - National Archives

Mansfield - Mansfield Funeral Program, Etching, Wesleyan University Special Collections

Greene - American Civil War Magazine, July 2007, pg. 49

Hood - Stephen Sears, Landscape Turned Red


Biographical Source: US Civil War Generals, Website designed by Kerry Webb (http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/generals.html)























George Brinton "Little Mac" MCCLELLAN (1826-1885)
Pre-War: West Point 1846, Mexican war, constructed forts and harbors, instructor at West Point, observer in Crimean War, saddle designer, resigned 1857, railroad executive.
War: April 1861 Maj. Gen. of Ohio volunteers, CG, Dept of the Ohio, Rich Mountain, Corrick's Ford, May 1861 Maj. Gen. in Regular Army, commanded Army of the Potomac, appointed general-in-chief November 1861, Peninsula campaign, Seven Days, Antietam campaign, relieved, unsuccessful Democratic candidate in 1864.
Post War: engineer, businessman, author, Gov. NJ.
















Joseph "Fighting Joe" HOOKER (1814-1879)
Pre-War: Graduated West Point 1837, Seminole war, adjutant at West Point, Mexican war, resigned 1853, farmer, California state militia.
War: May 1861 appointed Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, 2nd Divn/III Corps in Peninsula campaign, Seven Days, Second Manassas, May 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers, I Corps at South Mountain, Antietam (w), Center Grand Divn at Fredericksburg, CG, Army of the Potomac Chancellorsville, relieved before Gettysburg, XI and XII Corps in the West, commanded XX Corps at Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, relieved 1864, Maj. Gen. U.S.A. March 13 1865.
Post War: Army, retired 1868 due to invalidity.














Edwin Vose SUMNER (1797-1863)
Pre-War: 2nd Lt in US Army 1819, frontier duty, Mexican war, Gov. New Mexico Terr., Dept. of the West.
War: March 1861 appointed Brig. Gen. in Regular Army, commanded II Corps in Peninsula campaign (w), Seven Pines, Maj. Gen. U.S.A. May 1862, July 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers, South Mountain, Antietam, commanded Left Grand Div. Fredericksburg, Dept of Missouri, died en route.


















Ambrose Everett BURNSIDE (1824-1881)
Pre-War: tailor, West Point 1847, Mexican war, frontier duty, resigned 1853, businessman.
War: 1861 organised 1st Rhode Island, Col., commanded a bde. First Bull Run, August 1861 appointed Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, North Carolina expedition, New Berne, March 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers, CG, Left Wing at Antietam, Army of the Potomac November 1862, Fredericksburg, Dept. of the Ohio, Knoxville, IX corps at Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Petersburg, Crater, relieved, resigned April 1865.
Post War: Governor, businessman, US senator.













Joseph King Fenno MANSFIELD (1803-1862)
Pre-War: West Point 1822, engineer duty, constructed coastal defences, Mexican war, staff duty in inspector-general's department.
War Service: May 1861 promoted Brig. Gen. in Regular Army, commanded Washington defences, commanded XII Corps and mortally wounded at Antietam, July 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers.


















James Brewerton RICKETTS (1817-1887)
Pre-War: West Point 1839, Mexican War, Seminole War
War: 1861 Capt. 1st US Artillery, wounded/captured First Bull Run; 1862 BGen, 2nd Divn/III Corps, Cedar Mountain, 2nd Bull Run, 2nd Divn/I Corps at Antietam; 3rd Divn/VI Corps Overland campaign, Monocacy River, Shenandoah campaign (w); 1864 MGen, 1865 MGen. U.S.A., wounded six times
Post War: Army, invalided because of wounds 1867











George Gordon MEADE (1815-1872)
Pre-War: West Point 1835, Seminole war, engineer, surveyor, Mexican war, engineering duty.
War: August 1861 appointed Brig. Gen. of Vol., 2nd Bde/3rd Divn/V Corps in Seven Days, Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Glendale (w), 1st Bde/Pennsylvania Reserves/III Corps at 2nd Bull Run, 3rd Divn/III Corps at Antietam, November 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers, Fredericksburg, V Corps Chancellorsville, Army of the Potomac from Gettysburg, July 1863 Brig. Gen. in Regular Army, August 1864 Maj. Gen. in RA, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Appomattox.
Post War: Army, Reconstruction administration.


Israel Bush "Fighting Dick" RICHARDSON (1815-1862)
Pre-War: West Point 1841, Seminole war, Mexican war, frontier, resigned US Army 1855, farmer.
War: May 1861 organized 2nd Michigan Infantry, Col., commanded 4th Bde/1st Divn at First Bull Run, May 1861 appointed Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, commanded 1st Divn/II Corps in Peninsula campaign, July 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers, commanded II Corps at South Mountain, Mortally wounded at Antietam.













Winfield Scott "HANCOCK the Superb" (1824-1886)
Pre-War: West Point 1844, frontier duty, Mexican war, Kansas war, Utah expedition, quartermaster service.
War: Sept 1861 Brig. Gen. of Vol, 1stBde/2nd Divn/IV Corps in Peninsula, Seven Days; 1st Bde/2nd Divn/VI Corps at Antietam; Nov 1862 Maj. Gen. Vol, 1st Divn/II Corps Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville; II Corps at Gettysburg (w), Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, August 1864; Brig. Gen. RA, Dept of West Virginia; Maj. Gen. U.S.A. March 13 1865.
Post War: Dept. of the East, 1880 presidential candidate






John SEDGWICK (1813-1864)
Pre-War: Teacher, graduated West Point 1837, Mexican war, cavalry duty, frontier duty.
War: 1861 Col. of 1st US Cavalry, August 1861 appointed Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, defences of Washington, commanded 2nd Divn/II Corps in Peninsula campaign, wounded at Glendale, July 1862 promoted Maj. Gen. of Volunteers, wounded at Antietam, commanded II Corps, IX Corps, VI Corps at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Bridge, Mine Run, Wilderness, killed in action at Spotsylvania Court House, 1864.








Isaac Peace RODMAN (1822-1862)
Pre-War: Merchant, politician.
War: June 1861 Capt. in 2nd Rhode Island, First Bull Run, October 1861 resigned commission, October 1861 Col. of 4th Rhode Island, Carolinas expedition, Roanoke Island, New Bern, Fort Macon, April 1862 appointed Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, commanded 3rd Divn/IX Corps at South Mountain, Mortally wounded at Antietam.

















Alpheus Starkey WILLIAMS (1810-1878)
Pre-War: Yale 1831, Lawyer, judge, newspaper owner, Mexican war, Detroit postmaster, BGen. of state militia.
War: May 1861 BGen. of Volunteers, 1st Divn/V Corps Shenandoah Valley campaign, 1st Divn/II Corps Cedar Mountain, 1st Divn/XII Corps South Mountain, XII Corps Antietam, 1st Divn/XII Corps Chancellorsville, commanded XII Corps Gettsyburg, 1st Divn/XII Corps Chickamauga, 1st Divn/XX Corps Atlanta campaign, March to the Sea, Carolinas, brevet promotion MGen. U.S.V. 1865.
Post War: Minister to the Republic of Salvador, US congressman.



George Sears GREENE (1801-1899)
Pre-war: Graduated West Point 1823, artillery duty, instructor at West Point, garrison duty, resigned 1836, civil engineer.
War: January 1862 Col. of 60th New York, April 1862 appointed Brig. Gen. of Volunteers, commanded 3rd Bde/2nd Divn/II Corps at Cedar Mountain, commanded 2nd Divn/XII Corps at Antietam, commanded 3rd Bde/2nd Divn/XII Corps at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, Wauhatchie (w), returned to duty 1865. Brevet Promotions Maj. Gen. U.S.V. March 13 1865.
Post War: Civil engineer.













Robert Edward LEE (1807-1870)
Pre-War: West Point 1829, engineering duty, Mexican War, superintendent of West Point, 2nd Cavalry, captured John Brownat Harper's Ferry, refused command of US forces at outbreak of war, resigned April 1861.
War: 1861 c-in-c forces of Virginia, May 1861 Brig. Gen., commanded forces in West Virginia, August 1861 full General, military adviser to President Davis, CG, ANV until surrender at Appomattox.
Post War: President of Washington (later Washington and Lee) College.








James "Old Pete" LONGSTEET (1821-1904)
Pre-War: West Point 1842, Indian campaigns, Mexican War, resigned June 1861
War: June 1861 Brig. Gen., First Manassas, October 1861 Maj. Gen. Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Seven Days, 2nd Manassas, Corps command at Antietam, October 1862 Lt. Gen. Fredericksburg, Suffolk campaign, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Knoxville, Wilderness (w), defence of Richmond, Appomattox.
Post War: Insurance agent, lottery supervisor, US minister to Turkey, wrote memoirs.












Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" JACKSON (1824-1863)
Pre-War: West Point 1846, Mexican War, 1851 resigned from US army, professor at VMI.
War: 1861 Maj. in Virginia militia, Col. of Confederate infantry, Harper's Ferry, June 1861 Brig. Gen., commanded 1st Bde/Army of the Shenandoah at First Manassas, October 1861 Maj. Gen., Shenandoah Valley campaign, Seven Days, commanded the Left Wing at 2nd Manassas, led Jackson’s Command in Antietam campaign, Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, October 1862 Lt. Gen., commanded II Corps at Fredericksburg, mortally wounded Chancellorsville




John Bell HOOD (1831-1879)
Pre-War: West Point 1853, 2nd Cavalry, resd Apr 1861.
War: 1861 1st Lt. of cavalry, May 1862 BG in command of the Texas Brigade, Peninsula campaign, commanded Hood’s Bde/Whiting's Divn at Seven Days, commanded Hood’s Bde/Evans' Divn at 2nd Manassas, Antietam, October 1862 Maj. Gen., Hood’s Divn/Longstreet's Corps, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg (w), Chickamauga (w), leg amputated, February 1864 Lt. Gen., Hood’s Corps in Atlanta campaign, General, Jonesboro, Franklin, Nashville, January 1865 relieved.
Post War: business, wrote memoirs, died yellow fever.





Ambrose Powell "AP" HILL (1825-1865)
Pre-War:Graduated West Point 1847, Mexican War, Seminole war, resigned March 1861.
War: May 1861 Col. of 13th Virginia, February 1862 Brig. Gen., commanded 1st Bde/Longstreet’s Divn at Williamsburg, May 1862 Maj. Gen., commanded Hill’s Light Division, Longstreet’s Command at Seven Days, Cedar Mountain, 2nd Manassas, Antietam, commanded Hill’s Light Divn/II Corps at Chancellorsville, May 1863 Lt. Gen., commanded III Corps at Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Wilderness, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, killed while rallying his troops after their line had been broken.





Daniel Harvey HILL (1821-1889)
Pre-War: West Point 1842, Mexican War, professor, supt. No. Carolina Military Inst.
War: May 1861 Col. of 1st North Carolina, Big Bethel, July 1861 Brig. Gen., Left Wing at Yorktown, Williamsburg, March 1862 Maj. Gen., Hill’s Divn Longstreet's Corps Seven Pines, Jackson's Corps Seven Days, South Mountain, Antietam, Hill’s Corps Chickamauga, relieved, Petersburg, Hill’s Divn at Bentonville.
Post War: Editor, college president.















Robert Augustus TOOMBS (1810-1885)
Pre-War: Lawyer, politician, land owner, US congressman, Senator.
War Service: 1861 Confederate secretary of state, resigned, Confederate congress, July 1861 Brig. Gen., commanded Toombs’ Bde/D R Jones' Divn in Seven Days, 2nd Manassas, Antietam (w), 1863 resigned commission, opposed Sherman with Georgia militia.
Post War: Fled abroad, then returned to US

"COMMANDERS AT ANTIETAM"


Union Army of the Potomac


MG George B. McClellan (1826-1885), Commander, Army of the Potomac (2006)

MG Joseph Hooker (1814-1879), I Corps (2006)

MG Edwin V. Sumner (1797-1863), II Corps (2006)

MG Ambrose E. Burnside (1824-1881), IX Corps (2006)

MG Joseph K.F. Mansfield (1803-1862), Mortally Wounded, XII Corps (2006)

BG James B. Ricketts (1817-1887), 2rd Division, I Corps (2007)

BG George G. Meade (1815-1872), 3rd Division, I Corps (2006)

MG Israel B. Richardson (1815-1862), Mortally Wounded, 1st Division, II Corps (2006)

BG Winfield S. Hancock (1824-1886), 1st Division, II Corps (2007)

MG John Sedgwick (1813-1864), 2nd Division, II Corps (2007)

BG Isaac P. Rodman (1822-1862), Mortally Wounded, 3rd Division, IX Corps (2006)

BG Alpheus S. Williams (1810-1878), 1st Division, XII Corps (2007)

BG George S. Greene (1801-1899), 2nd Division, XII Corps (2007)

Confederate Army of Northern Virginia


Lt. General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870), Commander, Army of Northern Virginia (2006)

MG James Longstreet (1821-1904), I Wing (2006)

MG Thomas J. Jackson (1825-1863), II Wing (2006)

BG John B. Hood (1831-1879), Hood's Division, I Wing (2006)

MG Ambrose P. "AP" Hill (1825-1865), Light Division, II Wing (2006)

MG Daniel H. "DH" Hill (1821-1889), Hill's Division, II Wing (2007)

BG Robert A. Toombs (1810-1885), Toomb's Brigade, Jones Div, I Wing (2006)

Note: Ranks and commands are as of September 17, 1862




Updated March 16, 2008

Selected Works

Henry Ware Lawton: Flawed Giant and Hero of Four Wars, Army History, Winter 2007
Brevet Colonel, Commander of the 30th Indiana Volunteers, and recipient of the Medal of Honor - all at the age of 23 - Henry Lawton's career spanned four decades until he fell "bringing democracy to a distant land."
BG Joseph Mansfield, Military Heritage Magazine, February 2007
When Joseph K.F. Mansfield fell at the Battle of Antietam, he was the ranking casualty on either side, the oldest general and West Point graduate to die in battle.
The Terrills: "God Alone Knows Which Was Right", America's Civil War Magazine, September 2006
William and James Terrill of Virginia chose opposing sides in the Civil War, rose to general and fell in battle. Theirs is a unique story of "brother against brother".
Major General Maurice Rose: World War II's Greatest Forgotten Commander
The only American Armored Division commander to die in battle, Maurice Rose was the son and grandson of rabbis who rose from private to general to lead the premier American armored force to victory.
The Corporate Staff Ride: A Proven Military Training Tool Comes to the Boardroom, Wharton Leadership Digest, January 2006
For more than a century, the "Staff Ride" has been used to train the nation's military leaders. Now it has been adapted by APPLIED BATTLEFIELD CONCEPTS LLC for use by corporations to train top management in the principles of leadership under pressure.
Drawings of Antietam Commanders
"Commanders at Antietam" is a collection of the author's drawings related to ongoing work on the Corporate Staff Ride
Command Failures: Lessons Learned from Lloyd R. Fredendall, Army Magazine, March 2003
Winner, 2003 Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Award
The Fighting McCooks, Military History Magazine, October 2005
Sixteen of the McCook Family served in the Union Army or Navy during the Civil War. Seven became generals. Four gave the last full measure.
Commodore Thomas Macdonough: Hero of the Barbary Wars, Victor at Lake Champlain, Military Heritage Magazine, October 2004
Thomas Macdonough faced Arab terrorists with steel and musket - in 1804
Russian General Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky, WWII History Magazine, May 2004
Russia's General Ivan Chernyakhovsky achieved a combat record that is virtually unknown in the West.
Fighting Admiral of Guadalcanal, World War II Magazine, May 2004
Daniel Judson Callaghan's heroic sacrifice off Guadalcanal saved the embattled defenders of Henderson Field.
In the Front Ranks of Gallant Men, World War II Magazine, November 2003
Brigadier General Frederick W. Castle's leadership in and out of the cockpit made him one of the most admired men in the Eighth Air Force
The Frustrations of Leonard Wood, Army Magazine, September 2003
The only physician ever to rise to Army Chief of Staff, Leonard Wood's path to success produced as many enemies as admirers.
The Last Battle of Gen. William Orlando Darby, Army Magazine, January 2003
Creator of the modern American Rangers, Darby led his men to great victories and a catastrophic defeat, but was always in the thick of the action.
Martin Blumenson (1918-2005)
Martin Blumenson spent his life writing the history of an institution he respected greatly and knew intimately, the United States Army. He inspired generations of his students and successors to the highest standard of excellence. __________________________________________________ Works in Progress
The Battle of Anghiari: "This Most Bestial Madness"
Leonardo Da Vinci's "The Battle of Anghiari" defined war art for half a millenium, sparked continued debate and inspired other great masters. Described by eminent historians as perhaps his greatest work, the lost masterpiece changed forever the way artists portray the fury of battle and the anatomy and motion of warriors and horses in combat. But the battle has disappeared from history. Why?
The Battle of Kadesh: Public Relations Trumps Performance
The Battle of Kadesh, the greatest chariot clash in all recorded history, pitted the war-hardened Hittites against a young, inexperienced Pharaoh in a struggle that shaped the destinies of the two dominant empires of the early Iron Age.
Charles Sanders Peirce: America's Greatest Genius
Born to greatness, Peirce ended his life in poverty, obscurity, and disappointment. Afflicted by illness, pain, drug-addiction and the suffocating moral intolerance of 19th Century America, the time to tell his story to a broad audience has finally arrived.

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